NANOFLUIDS
Nanofluids are fluids containing
nanometer (~1-100*10-9m) sized particles. It is engineered colloidal
suspension of solid state nano-particles in a base fluid. Experiments suggest
that the colloidal mixture has a higher heat transfer co-efficient compared to
the base fluid. This is proving extremely useful as electronic devices get
smaller and smaller with heat rejection becoming more critical. For example,
inadequate heat transfer is the reason behind mobiles getting hot after
extended usage and reduced performance of the processor.
A measure of the ability of a material to transfer heat.
Given two surfaces on either side of the material with a temperature difference
between them, the thermal conductivity is the heat energy transferred per unit time and per
unit surface area, divided by the temperature difference.
Heat transfer, also referred to
simply as heat, is the movement
of thermal energy from one thing to another thing of different temperature.
Why
nanoparticles?
Short answer? Because
micro-sized particles tend to clog the extremely small ducts in certain
electronic applications. Micro-sized particles also affect the performance and
life span of the pump. Consequently, as particle sizes increase the difficulty
of maintaining the colloidal solution also increases. It is extremely difficult to maintain a colloidal solution of micro particles.
USAGE:
Nanofluids are primarily used for their
enhanced thermal properties as coolants in heat transfer equipment such as heat
exchangers, electronic cooling system (such as flat plate) and radiators. Heat
transfer over flat plate has been analyzed by many researchers.
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